Ubuntu安装最新版的Docker-CE并配置国内源和加速器
说明：这个针对Docker-CE的 安装，CE和EE的区别是前者是社区版，后者是企业版
1. 配置Ubuntu的源
不然慢的去哭吧。参考https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu 注意版本要对应。
或者用这个（适用于16.04版本）：
Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list。将系统自带的该文件做个备份，将该文件替换为下面内容，即可使用
##163的加速源 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 阿里云加速源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## 腾讯加速源 deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
参考：
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/
http://mirrors.163.com/
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/
- Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful Aardvark)
- Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
- Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
- Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin)
2. 安装Docker
按照官方教程https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#install-docker-ce-1
（1）环境依赖：apt-get update
(Ubuntu 14.04的需要安装此项，16.04不需要)
apt-get install \ linux-image-extra-$(uname -r) \ linux-image-extra-virtual
（2）安装docker包：
apt-get install \ apt-transport-https \ ca-certificates \ curl \ software-properties-common
（3）添加docker官方GPG秘钥：
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -
（4）安装稳定版仓库：
鉴于国内网络问题，强烈建议使用国内源，官方源请在注释中查看。
然后，我们需要向 source.list 中添加 Docker 软件源
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
# 官方源（速度慢）
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
（5）再次更新源：
apt-get update
（6）安装最新版本的docker-ce：
apt-get install docker-ce
或安装指定版本的Docker-CE:
# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
apt-cache madison docker-ce
# docker-ce | 17.12.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.09.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.09.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.06.2~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.06.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.06.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.03.2~ce-0~ubuntu-trusty | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-trusty | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-trusty | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/ trusty/stable amd64 Packages
# Step 2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION例如上面的17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial)
apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]
3. 给docker添加国内加速器
- Ubuntu 16.04版本
您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器：
mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://mo3f4842.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
注意：systemctl 只有在16.04版本有，Ubuntu 14.04 用service命令。
- Ubuntu 14.04版本
修改 Docker 配置文件 /etc/default/docker，增加如下：
DOCKER_OPTS=”–registry-mirror=https://mo3f4842.mirror.aliyuncs.com”
然后重启docker服务。
service docker restart
上面可以替换为官方的镜像仓库：https://registry.docker-cn.com，这个也不错！
参考官方原文：https://docs.docker.com/registry/recipes/mirror/#use-case-the-china-registry-mirror
安装的后续可选项：https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/linux-postinstall/
4.验证docker仓库镜像设置
docker info
5.卸载Docker CE
（1）卸载
apt-get purge docker-ce
（2）删除
因为主机上的图像，容器，卷或自定义配置文件不会自动删除。使用手动删除所有图像，容器和卷：
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
可参考阿里云的文章：https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60742.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.547.3d1711beP4Tkcq
